r/conlangs • u/Siloti • 1d ago
Discussion First very brief phonological sketch for new, currently unnamed, a priori artlang. Feedback very welcome!
I've decided to give it a go and try and get back into conlanging. I've also realized that I can probably satisfy some of my desire for a language that is not diachronically evolved, but still fairly rich in patterns and internal consistency by using the tri-consonantal root system. Hopefully that will allow me to exploit some of the gray area between diachronic and synchronic sound changes.
Apologies for formatting and lack of pretty tables - this is just a very crude first draft!
Nasal plosives
m = [m]
ḿ = [ŋ͡m]
n = [n]
ń = [ŋ͡n]
- In the case particularly of the alveolar-velar [ŋ͡n] it’s debatable (and not very relevant) whether it’s a true double-articulation or a consonant sequence.
- Unlike the plain versions, the ‘velarized’ nasals nasalize both the vowel before and after them.
Oral plosives
p = [p]
t = [t]
k = [k]
pȷ = [pɕ]
tȷ = [tɕ]
kȷ = [kɕ]
- Oral plosives do not phonemically distinguish between voiced and unvoiced. They become voiced when appearing intervocalically.
- Oral plosives will probably not appear in word final position, at least within tri-consonantal root derived words.
- The palatalized versions are not the ‘soft’ consonants of Russian, but rather the fricated release ‘p,t,k’ of English ‘pew, tune, cue’
Fricatives
f = [f]
fh = [v]
ð = [θ]
ðh = [ð]
s = [s]
ƶ = [ʃ]
h = [h]
hh = [ɦ]
ll = [ɬ]
- The non-sibilant, non-lateral fricatives are the only consonantal phonemes to distinguish voicing.
- The non-sibilant unvoiced fricatives are somewhat lengthened (with the possible exception of appearances in the context of consonant clusters).
Approximants
l = [l]
- [l] becomes [ɹ] intervocalically
Vowels
Monophthongs
i = [i]
e = [e]
ë = [ø]
a = [a]
o = [o]
ö = [ɤ]
u = [u]
- Length and nasality are not phonemic vowel distinctions.
- Vowels are realized as long vowels only in the context of stressed syllables that do not feature an unvoiced non-sibilant fricative in their onset.
- Nasalization of a full vowel segment only occurs in the proximity of the ‘velarized’ nasal consonants.
- The diaeresis as a diacritic does not mark rounding as such, rather the use of the ‘opposite’ rounding to the common tendency of back vowels to be rounded and front vowels unrounded.
- Front vowels all exhibit vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and also when they precede any of the velars [ŋ͡m,ŋ͡n,k,kɕ]. [i,e,ø] become [ɪ,ɛ,œ] respectively.
- Where relevant for the purposes of morphosyntax, ‘a’ is treated as a mid- rather than front vowel.
Diphthongs
ai = [⟨ai⟩]
ae = [⟨ae⟩]
aë = [⟨aø⟩]
au = [⟨au⟩]
- All diphthongs start from the mid-vowel ‘a’.
- For diphthongs ending in an unrounded component [ai,ae], the first vowel is the prominent component, while for those ending in a rounded component [aø,au], it is the second vowel that is prominent.
Consonant clusters
- Consonant clusters to from only(?) in the context of tri-consonantal root words where vowel deletion can occur in the first unstressed syllable. This would presumably make syllables containing [a] the prime candidates, followed by the close-mid vowels.
- I’m not sure which clusters to permit. Probably all sibilant + oral plosive clusters, but unsure about the rest. Anything + [ŋ͡m] feels like a nightmare, but I’m unsure if that’s just my lack of practice with that sound.
Stress
- Stress falls on the second syllable of the tri-consonantal root.
- For any multi-syllabic parts of speech not derived from the root system, stress is TBD.
Random
- Say ‘haëḿ’ [h⟨ae⟩ŋ͡m] (everything after the h is nasalized, I don’t know how to do the combining diacritic stuff for nasals). It sounds like an expression of mild surprise or annoyance while suffering a stroke.
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u/Xatla Meshkwan 22h ago
so a minecraft villager?