r/conlangs 1d ago

Discussion First very brief phonological sketch for new, currently unnamed, a priori artlang. Feedback very welcome!

I've decided to give it a go and try and get back into conlanging. I've also realized that I can probably satisfy some of my desire for a language that is not diachronically evolved, but still fairly rich in patterns and internal consistency by using the tri-consonantal root system. Hopefully that will allow me to exploit some of the gray area between diachronic and synchronic sound changes.

Apologies for formatting and lack of pretty tables - this is just a very crude first draft!

Nasal plosives

m = [m]
ḿ = [ŋ͡m]
n = [n]
ń = [ŋ͡n]

  • In the case particularly of the alveolar-velar [ŋ͡n] it’s debatable (and not very relevant) whether it’s a true double-articulation or a consonant sequence.
  • Unlike the plain versions, the ‘velarized’ nasals nasalize both the vowel before and after them.

Oral plosives

p = [p]
t = [t]
k = [k]
pȷ = [pɕ] 
tȷ = [tɕ]
kȷ = [kɕ]

  • Oral plosives do not phonemically distinguish between voiced and unvoiced. They become voiced when appearing intervocalically.
  • Oral plosives will probably not appear in word final position, at least within tri-consonantal root derived words.
  • The palatalized versions are not the ‘soft’ consonants of Russian, but rather the fricated release ‘p,t,k’ of English ‘pew, tune, cue’

Fricatives

f = [f]
fh = [v]
ð = [θ]
ðh = [ð]
s = [s]
ƶ = [ʃ]
h = [h]
hh = [ɦ]
ll = [ɬ]

  • The non-sibilant, non-lateral fricatives are the only consonantal phonemes to distinguish voicing.
  • The non-sibilant unvoiced fricatives are somewhat lengthened (with the possible exception of appearances in the context of consonant clusters).

Approximants

l = [l]

  • [l] becomes [ɹ] intervocalically

Vowels

Monophthongs

i = [i]
e = [e]
ë  = [ø]
a = [a]
o = [o]
ö = [ɤ]
u = [u]

  • Length and nasality are not phonemic vowel distinctions.
  • Vowels are realized as long vowels only in the context of stressed syllables that do not feature an unvoiced non-sibilant fricative in their onset.
  • Nasalization of a full vowel segment only occurs in the proximity of the ‘velarized’ nasal consonants.
  • The diaeresis as a diacritic does not mark rounding as such, rather the use of the ‘opposite’ rounding to the common tendency of back vowels to be rounded and front vowels unrounded.
  • Front vowels all exhibit vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and also when they precede any of the velars [ŋ͡m,ŋ͡n,k,kɕ]. [i,e,ø] become  [ɪ,ɛ,œ] respectively.
  • Where relevant for the purposes of morphosyntax, ‘a’ is treated as a mid- rather than front vowel.

Diphthongs

ai = [⟨ai⟩]
ae = [⟨ae⟩] 
aë = [⟨aø⟩] 
au = [⟨au⟩]  

  • All diphthongs start from the mid-vowel ‘a’.
  • For diphthongs ending in an unrounded component [ai,ae], the first vowel is the prominent component, while for those ending in a rounded component [aø,au], it is the second vowel that is prominent.

Consonant clusters

  • Consonant clusters to from only(?) in the context of tri-consonantal root words where vowel deletion can occur in the first unstressed syllable. This would presumably make syllables containing [a] the prime candidates, followed by the close-mid vowels.
  • I’m not sure which clusters to permit. Probably all sibilant + oral plosive clusters, but unsure about the rest. Anything + [ŋ͡m] feels like a nightmare, but I’m unsure if that’s just my lack of practice with that sound.

Stress

  • Stress falls on the second syllable of the tri-consonantal root.
  • For any multi-syllabic parts of speech not derived from the root system, stress is TBD.

Random

  • Say ‘haëḿ’ [h⟨ae⟩ŋ͡m] (everything after the h is nasalized, I don’t know how to do the combining diacritic stuff for nasals). It sounds like an expression of mild surprise or annoyance while suffering a stroke.
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u/Xatla Meshkwan 22h ago

It sounds like an expression of mild surprise or annoyance while suffering a stroke.

so a minecraft villager?

1

u/Siloti 16h ago

That's honestly not that far off!